Table 2. Threat Assessment Table

**Table 2. Threat Assessment Table.**
Threat	Level of Concern¹	Extent	Occurrence	Frequency	Severity²	Causal Certainty³
Alien, invasive or introduced species
Encroachment by invasive alien plants	High	Widespread	Anticipated	Continuous	High	Medium
Disturbance or harm
Recreational and maintenance activities	High	Localized	Anticipated	Continuous/ Seasonal	Medium/ Low	Medium
Herbivory	Unknown	Widespread	Anticipated	Recurrent	Unknown	Medium
Habitat Restoration activities.	Medium	Widespread	Anticipated	Recurrent	Unknown	Medium
Changes in ecological dynamics or ecological processes
Fire suppression	High	Widespread	Anticipated	Continuous	High	High
Hybridization with other Lupinus species	Unknown	Widespread	Anticipated	Continuous	Unknown	Unknown
Habitat loss or degradation
Habitat conversion	Low	Widespread	Historic and anticipated	Recurrent	High	High
Climate change and natural disasters
Climate Change	Unknown	Widespread	Anticipated	Seasonal	Unknown	Low

1 Level of Concern: signifies that managing the threat is of (high, medium or low) concern for the recovery of the species, consistent with the population and distribution objectives. This criterion considers the assessment of all the information in the table).
2 Severity: reflects the population-level effect (High: very large population-level effect, Moderate, Low, Unknown).
3 Causal certainty: reflects the degree of evidence that is known for the threat (High: available evidence strongly links the threat to stresses on population viability; Medium: there is a correlation between the threat and population viability e.g., expert opinion; Low: the threat is assumed or plausible).